Some supposed nootropic substances are compounds and analogues of choline, a precursor of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) and phosphatidylcholine (a structural component of cell membranes).

On the whole, nootropics are safe. In a review of 165 placebo-controlled studies of 77 nootropics, no serious adverse effects occurred more frequently in the nootropic groups than the placebo...

May 21, 2024 · Racetams, such as piracetam, are another type of nootropic. You can get these synthetic compounds over the counter in the U.S., but they’re considered prescription drugs in some …

Dec 13, 2025 · Key Takeaways Nootropics are substances that might boost brain function, including thinking and memory. Some nootropics, like Adderall and Ritalin, are prescription drugs used for …

Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, …

Oct 25, 2024 · A doctor may prescribe a nootropic to treat a health condition. Usually, the drug is a type of stimulant, such as an amphetamine, that can help treat cognitive issues, such as ADHD, …

Jul 24, 2025 · Herbal nootropic agents like Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Centella asiatica enhance cholinergic activity, cerebral blood flow, and neuroprotection while …

A true nootropic as defined here (a natural method of boosting brain performance), are safe and generally non-addictive. Some nootropics can give you long-term benefits even after you stop using …

Aug 24, 2024 · However, caution should be taken. Some supplements should not be used if you have certain medical conditions or take certain medications. Before using any nootropic supplements, …

May 15, 2024 · Many nootropic compounds act simply by supporting the brain’s natural physiological processes and by consequently allowing the brain to properly carry out its most complex cognitive …