China has established the world's most comprehensive magnetic material industry chain, with absolute dominance in both production and consumption (e.g., accounting for over 90% of global sintered ...

When medium-carbon and medium-alloyed steels are annealed between the A C1 and A C3 and then water quenched, due to partial transformation taking place, a dual phase structure, i.e., a mixture ...

While steels 1, 2 and 4 possess a carbon content of not more than 0.8%, steel 3 is the 400UHC HSH hypereutectoid grade. Rail manufacturing processes without state-of -the-art heat treatment facilities ...

This study investigates the wear and damage of medium carbon steel used in bone-crushing applications, emphasizing its tribological properties for early failure detection. The research analyzes failed ...

AISI 1045 steel is a medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot rolled or normalized condition. It has a tensile strength ...

Medium carbon steels are materials of interest for construction and engineering applications due to their good ductility and strength. ... The initial microstructure is composed of ferrite and ...

Medium-Carbon Steel. The carbon content in this type of carbon steel is between 0.25 and 0.60 wt.%. ... (heating steel to a temperature at which the crystal structure changes from ferrite to austenite ...

The 309 filler metal is alloyed specifically to produce a weld bead with a ferrite number (FN) between 4 and 10. The ferrite content is determined by the filler metal and dilution from the two base ...

What happens to these carbon atoms determines many of the properties of iron and steel. For example, while slowly cooling a low-carbon (0.20% carbon) steel such as AISI 1020, transformation starts ...