The global burden of rheumatic heart disease continues to be significant although it is largely limited to poor and marginalized populations. In most endemic regions, affected patients present with ...

E376,Causal Agent Beech leaf disease (BLD) is caused by an invasive nematode Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii (Lcm; Figure 1). Nematodes are microscopic roundworms. Most nematodes are free-living, ...