One of the standout features of the CANDU design is its horizontal calandria vessel. It contains 480 tubes that allow high-temperature cooling water to pass through. Each tube has two end fittings ...

Candu units are pressurised heavy water reactors designed to operate for 30 years, with a further 30 years available subject to refurbishment. This includes the replacement of key reactor components ...

The refurbishment will allow the Candu units to continue generating power for a further 30 years. Candu reactors feature a large horizontal calandria vessel with 480 tubes through which cooling water ...

Retubing the fuel channels and replacing components such as pressure tubes, calandria tubes and feeders in a CANDU reactor extends its lifespan, enabling Unit 1 at Cernavoda to operate safely until ...

1 The retubing of fuel channels and component replacement (including of pressure tubes, calandria tubes and feeders) of a CANDU reactor allows for the doubling of its lifespan, granting Unit 1 at ...

As a result, we were able to deliver a world-first innovation during Darlington’s refurbishment: removing calandria tubes and pressure tubes from the CANDU reactors in one extraction instead of two ...

Refurbishing CANDU 6 units involves the replacement of all calandria tubes, steam generators and instrumentation and control systems to extend the operating lifetime by at least 25 years.

Abstract: Horizontally oriented fuel channels (FCs) in CANadian Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear reactors are composed of an inner pressure tube (PT), surrounded by a larger diameter calandria tube ...