Scientists have long puzzled over the origins of eukaryotes, the domain of life defined by cells with a membrane-bound nucleus, which includes all animals, plants, fungi, and insects. If they unravel ...

Every cell depends on proteins to function and stay healthy. These proteins are made inside the cell from amino acids, but ...

· Better growth, better results: Every cell type has its ideal pH — mammalian cells prefer about 7.4, while many plant cells ...