Background Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic, systemic autoimmune disease that can affect many organs. Current treatment of SLE is largely empirical, while the existing ...

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often presents with neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms, including cognitive impairment and depression. Past magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research on ...

Background Cellular immune responses are phenotypically and functionally perturbed in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), leading to severe renal tissue inflammation. Although multiple gene expression ...

Background Recent advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have focused on inducing specific immune tolerance to avoid complications from the long-term use of immunosuppressive ...

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is about 10 times more common among women than men. This sex bias was previously attributed to sex hormones. However, while sex hormones are abnormal in ...

Background Loss of self-tolerance and generation of numerous autoantibodies is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Historically, testing for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) has been used ...

Background Follicular helper T (TFH) cells induce germinal center response to produce high affinity antibodies against a specific pathogen. Excessive formation of TFH cells are closely associated with ...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by abnormalities in cellular and humoral immunity with clear hints that abnormalities of B lineage cells (B and plasma cells ...

Background Many investigators have explored pathways upregulated in SLE and CLE. Few reports studied key downregulated pathways and mediators. Using unbiased proteomic technique, we have previously ...

Topical calcineurin inhibitors in cutaneous lupus erythematosus In the management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), topical calcineurin inhibitors have recently been established as the ...

Background Intercurrent infections are presumed potential triggers of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease flares. 1 However, most of the evidence is obtained from a limited number of ...

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which defective T cells, immune complex deposition, and other immune system alterations contribute to pathological changes of ...