The Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to ...

Crib retaining walls are a form of gravity wall. They are constructed of interlocking individual boxes made from timber or pre-cast concrete. Then, the boxes are filled with crushed stone or other ...

Curtain walls are the first structural element that subjected to wind loads. There are cases in which wind loads controls the structural design of curtain walls that may include bluff body ...

What is a Surge Tank? A surge tank is a water storage device used as a pressure neutralizer in a hydropower water conveyance system to resists excess pressure rise and pressure drop conditions. The ...

Formwork (shuttering) in concrete construction is used as a mold for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently. Types of concrete formwork construction depends on ...

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In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit of creating a more ...

The steps involved in the installation of stamped concrete is slightly different from other concrete procedures. Each of the method is explained in detailed: Step 1: Addition of Base Color Step 2: ...

Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads. This type of road is provided for fewer traffic areas or countryside areas. A good drainage system should be provided, which ...

Types of Soil tests for building construction works depend on properties of soil. Design of the foundation is based on soil test report of construction site. Soil tests for construction of buildings ...

Transparent aluminum or Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON) is an optically transparent aluminum which is a crystalline substance made of aluminate powder alloys. Aluminum being a popular construction material ...

Epoxy is a paint, plastic, adhesive, or thermoset plastic material made by mixing two or more industrial chemical compounds to provide a high degree of resistance against wear and tear. It provides ...