CEREBROVASCULAR disease ranked third, after heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death in the United States in 1959. Almost 37,000 of these deaths occurred in persons between thirty-eight and sixty ...

Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010;8(9):1275-1282. Finally, we examined our own experience with a 9-year follow-up of primary stenting, which is one of the longest to date. A total of 91 patients were ...

An under-recognized and usually asymptomatic condition called subclavian artery stenosis – an obstruction of arteries located under the clavicle, or collarbone – is important in the diagnosis and ...

Carotid-subclavian bypass is a surgical procedure that restores blood flow to the upper extremities. The procedure involves bypassing a narrowed or blocked section of the subclavian artery, which ...

Aberrant subclavian artery anomalies represent the most common congenital variant of the aortic arch, often manifesting as an unusual origin or course of the subclavian artery. Such anomalies may be ...

Subclavian steal syndrome is characterized by abnormal blood flow in the arteries. The condition has many potential causes, some of which can be serious without proper treatment. Subclavian steal ...

WE have recently studied 2 patients with symptoms of cerebral ischemia in whom a reversal of blood flow through the left vertebral artery was demonstrated. In both cases the anatomic lesion producing ...

Diagnosis of vTOS is made by a combination of clinical presentation and noninvasive studies. A duplex ultrasound of the subclavian vein in both the resting position and with the arm abducted to 90° is ...

The SAVES method is an effective and safe approach for ultrasound-guided infraclavicular axillary/subclavian vein cannulation. Cannulation is a procedure of inserting a flexible tube (catheter) into ...

CSBG: Carotid subclavian bypass graft; PTA: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The treatment of subclavian artery occlusive disease has evolved from surgery to percutaneous-based treatment ...