Several theories have been developed to explain the behaviour of acids and bases. The most notable theories include the Arrhenius concept, the Brønsted-Lowry theory, and the Lewis concept. In the ...

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Through consideration of the ionic equilibria of acids and bases, one may readily calculate the formation constant of a salt species solely on the basis of knowledge of the pKA value of the acid and ...