In the early 1960s, Republic Aviation pitched a daring concept: a supersonic VTOL jet capable of launching from any surface, ...

The AV-8B is a key component of the Marine Corps’ “all STOVL force” concept, allowing Marines ... and then blast forward like a jet at near-supersonic speeds. Like every aircraft in the ...

However, during flight tests, the X-32 required ground reconfiguration between Short Take Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) and supersonic ... with another fighter concept: the Boeing X-32.