The authors suggested the effectiveness of percutaneous biliary drainage can be properly estimated before the procedure. Patient should be observed for daily bile output as well as the reduction ...

Additionally, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) remains a definitive procedure, especially after unsuccessful endoscopic methods. Overall, these methods are now being considered ...

Endoscopic biliary draining yielded a superior adverse event rate compared with percutaneous drainage among patients with pancreatic cancer, according to the results of a retrospective cohort study.

"However, it is unclear whether bile replacement following external drainage is beneficial." As a part of presurgical management, 25 patients with biliary cancer underwent percutaneous ...

11 The consequences of percutaneous and endoscopic drainage differ largely in terms of restoration of the enterohepatic cycle and bacterial colonization and inflammation of the biliary tract.

In some patients however the use of such a procedure is technically impossible. In this particular group percutaneous drainage of the biliary tree can constitute the only method of management.

Liver biopsy was performed during surgery for biliary drainage in 10 patients; 1 patient underwent percutaneous biopsy. In all 11 patients, the liver was firm and green at the time of the first ...