By the year 1000, Europe was on the rise. Entering a period called the High Middle Ages, it was a time of growing innovation, trade, and travel. Christianity was dominant, and people celebrated ...

Then, around A.D. 1000, Europe rebounded. The High Middle Ages brought majestic castles, radiant Gothic cathedrals, and exquisite art that dazzled the faithful and the secular alike. After Rome ...

Yet in the Euro-American world, the view of the Middle Ages is often narrowed to a slice of northern and western Europe. Even there, it was a period of travel, exploration, and exchange ...

The period between Antiquity and the Renaissance, known as the Middle Ages, saw amazing advances in art, science, and philosophy. Around 1300, scholars in Europe revisited this thinking and began ...