A dynamical system in which repeated measurements on a single particle yield the same mean result as a single measurement of the whole ensemble is said to be ergodic. The ergodic theorem expresses a ...

Double-diffusive convection arises in stratified fluids where two properties – typically heat and solute (for example, salt) – diffuse at different rates, leading to intricate and sometimes ...

Proteins within most macromolecular complexes in the cell continuously turn over. Gaining a quantitative understanding of how macromolecular structures are assembled and how long they persist will ...

A number of applications in engineered diffusion exist in current technology. Some of these advances are applied medically, such as drug patches that allow the sustained slow release of ...