In previous installments of the AudioFile, we've talked about basic PCM audio, which encodes audio into a series of numbers that a computer can play or manipulate. We've also discussed the process of ...

When it comes to getting signals from an analog world into our computers, most of us don’t give much thought to how the hardware that does the job works. But as it turns out, there are a number of ...

Analog-to-digital converters, or ADCs, are somewhat monolithic devices for most users, a black box that you ask nicely for the value on its input, and receive a number in return. For most readers, ...

Photonic analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) represents a paradigm shift in signal processing by leveraging the inherent advantages of photonic devices to digitise analog signals. The approach aims to ...

Designers of digital systems are familiar with implementing the 'leftovers' of their digital design by using FPGAs and CPLDs to glue together various processors, memories, and standard function ...

When the phrase ‘analog to digital conversion’ is used, we tend to assume that the conversion is taking something continuous like sound or video and making it discrete so that digital computers can ...

Several microcontroller applications utilize a digital-to-analog converter. Though many of these applications require a complex DAC, some may only need a simple single-channel DAC. Because most MCUs ...

A great many industrial sensors — flow, level, temperature, pressure, pH, and the list goes on — produce a 4-20 mA output, but today's factories increasingly need digital inputs via standard field ...

In the Op Amp circuit shown in the figure, let Rf = 10kΩ, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = 20kΩ, R3 = 40kΩ, and R4 = 80kΩ. Obtain the analog output for binary inputs [0000], [0001], [0010], . . . , [1111]. Using this ...