Instead, the focus should be on activities that are both meaningful and results-driven, directly influencing both the top and ...

In sports we are usually dealing with bottom-up and top-down forces simultaneously, so we need to incorporate exercises and training that simulate these activities in an integrated fashion.

One useful way of thinking about these adaptive brain networks is to compare those involved with "bottom-up" processing with those involved with "top-down" regulation of bottom-up processing.

2016)—bottom-up initiatives must be accompanied by top-down initiatives for change. The university must function as a cooperative entity with common goals and give leeway to academic staff for ...