Thus, waveforms with serial modulation bandwidths as high as hundreds of terahertz can be generated and manipulated without any ultrafast modulators. Recent research has aimed to extend pulse ...

In intense light fields, however, it is crucial to know the precise waveform of the pulses. Since the peak of the oscillating (carrier) light field and that of the pulse envelope can shift with ...

Current generated in an insulating material such as silica by the electric field of an intense and ultrashort laser pulse provides information about the precise waveform of the pulse that produced it.